Whatever anyone else dares to boast about—I am speaking as a fool—I also dare to boast about. Are they Hebrews? So am I. Are they Israelites? So am I. Are they Abraham’s descendants? So am I. Are they servants of Christ? (I am out of my mind to talk like this.) I am more. I have worked much harder, been in prison more frequently, been flogged more severely, and been exposed to death again and again. Five times I received from the Jews the forty lashes minus one. Three times I was beaten with rods, once I was pelted with stones, three times I was shipwrecked, I spent a night and a day in the open sea, I have been constantly on the move. I have been in danger from rivers, in danger from bandits, in danger from my fellow Jews, in danger from Gentiles; in danger in the city, in danger in the country, in danger at sea; and in danger from false believers. I have labored and toiled and have often gone without sleep; I have known hunger and thirst and have often gone without food; I have been cold and naked. Besides everything else, I face daily the pressure of my concern for all the churches. Who is weak, and I do not feel weak? Who is led into sin, and I do not inwardly burn?
If I must boast, I will boast of the things that show my weakness. The God and Father of the Lord Jesus, who is to be praised forever, knows that I am not lying. In Damascus the governor under King Aretas had the city of the Damascenes guarded in order to arrest me. But I was lowered in a basket from a window in the wall and slipped through his hands.
- 2 Corinthians 11:21b-33
In this section, Paul offers an autobiographical account that contrasts his personal suffering and challenges with the boasting of the so-called “super-apostles.” It’s a reflection of Paul’s apostolic authority, his willingness to endure trials for the sake of the Gospel, and his unwavering commitment to Christ.
Paul introduces the passage with a bit of sarcasm in the second half of verse 21, acknowledging that boasting is foolish but still engaging in it for the sake of contrast. Paul is not comfortable with boasting, as it contradicts his view of humility in Christ, but he feels compelled to do so to defend his ministry against false teachers.
Paul then establishes his Jewish credentials in verse 22, which were important in the context of the Judaizers (the Jewish Christians who insisted that non-Jewish believers follow Jewish law). By affirming his heritage, Paul shows he has the same roots and background as his opponents, yet his authority comes from Christ, not lineage. Paul’s emphasis here reminds us that while our identity may be important, our spiritual authority comes from our relationship with Christ, not from our cultural or ethnic background.
In verse 23, Paul begins to discuss his suffering, which far surpasses that of his opponents. The phrase “I am out of my mind” underlines his discomfort with boasting. Paul’s apostleship is not marked by power or status but by hardship and self-sacrifice for the sake of Christ. Paul’s testimony challenges the modern tendency to equate success with comfort and security. In Paul’s case, the more he worked for Christ, the more he suffered.
Then in verses 24-27, Paul outlines all of the specific ways he suffered for the gospel of Jesus Christ. He recalls the beatings he received at the hands of Jewish authorities, referencing the 39 lashes, which was a standard punishment (40 lashes were considered to be the maximum allowed by law, but one was subtracted to avoid breaking the law). The fact that Paul endured this five times demonstrates the extreme opposition he faced from his own people. The beatings with rods were a Roman punishment, and Paul’s stoning (Acts 14:19) nearly resulted in his death. His shipwrecks illustrate the peril of his missionary journeys, which were often fraught with danger. Spending "a night and a day in the open sea" suggests near-death experiences that many others might have taken as signs to stop. Yet, Paul pressed on.
Paul lists various dangers he faced as a traveling missionary. The breadth of this list shows that Paul was vulnerable from all sides—both Jews and Gentiles opposed him, and he was not safe in any location, whether urban or rural, land or sea. Even within the Christian community, he encountered opposition from false believers. Paul’s work ethic—laboring to the point of exhaustion and experiencing hunger, thirst, and exposure to the elements—shows for Paul, that ministry was not glamorous or easy but involved significant sacrifice.
In addition to the physical hardships he just outlined, in verse 28 Paul experienced intense emotional and spiritual concern for the churches he founded. The “daily pressure” suggests that Paul carried the weight of the spiritual well-being of many believers across different regions, a burden that added to his overall suffering. Paul’s concern for the churches shows that ministry is not just about physical endurance but also about the emotional and spiritual weight of caring for others.
Paul’s empathy is evident in verse 29. He identifies with the weaknesses and struggles of the believers, feeling their pain as if it were his own. The phrase “inwardly burn” could refer to Paul’s deep distress over sin within the community or his anger at seeing others be led astray. Paul did not just preach to people; he deeply cared for them and shared in their struggles.
In verse 30, Paul flips the human notion of boasting on its head, choosing to boast not about his strengths or accomplishments but about his weaknesses. This goes against worldly wisdom, which values strength and success, but Paul understands that his weakness points to Christ’s strength. He emphasizes this in verse 31 by invoking God’s witness to the truth of his words, reinforcing the seriousness of his claims. His life of suffering and sacrifice is not exaggerated, and he appeals to God as his ultimate judge and defender.
Paul concludes this section in verses 32-33 with a specific incident in which he narrowly escaped arrest in Damascus. Being lowered in a basket was not exactly a dignified escape for an apostle, yet Paul includes this as part of his story, further emphasizing his vulnerability and reliance on God for deliverance. This final story encapsulates Paul’s approach to ministry. He doesn’t shy away from telling of his undignified moments because, for him, they highlight God’s protection and provision.
Paul’s recounting of his sufferings in this passage is not just a boast about what he has endured but a testimony to the sufficiency of Christ. His experiences show that true apostolic authority is not marked by status, ease, or worldly success, but by suffering, sacrifice, and humility. Paul’s willingness to boast about his weakness challenges us to examine our own lives and priorities. Are we willing to embrace weakness and suffering for the sake of Christ, trusting that in our weakness, He is strong?
In a culture that often glorifies power, wealth, and success, Paul’s words call us back to a Gospel-centered perspective. It is in our struggles and vulnerabilities that Christ’s power is most evident. May we, like Paul, find our boasting not in our own achievements but in the One who sustains us through every trial.
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