Now if the ministry that brought death, which was engraved in letters on stone, came with glory, so that the Israelites could not look steadily at the face of Moses because of its glory, transitory though it was, will not the ministry of the Spirit be even more glorious? If the ministry that brought condemnation was glorious, how much more glorious is the ministry that brings righteousness! For what was glorious has no glory now in comparison with the surpassing glory. And if what was transitory came with glory, how much greater is the glory of that which lasts!
Therefore, since we have such a hope, we are very bold. We are not like Moses, who would put a veil over his face to prevent the Israelites from seeing the end of what was passing away. But their minds were made dull, for to this day the same veil remains when the old covenant is read. It has not been removed, because only in Christ is it taken away. Even to this day when Moses is read, a veil covers their hearts. But whenever anyone turns to the Lord, the veil is taken away. Now the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom. And we all, who with unveiled faces contemplate the Lord’s glory, are being transformed into his image with ever-increasing glory, which comes from the Lord, who is the Spirit.
- 2 Corinthians 3:7-18
The verse right before this passage is important to bring up again as we get into this section: “[God] has made us competent as ministers of a new covenant—not of the letter but of the Spirit; for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life” (2 Corinthians 3:6). The NIV inserts a section heading between verses 6 and 7, but Paul’s idea of becoming ministers of the new covenant continues throughout this overall section.
In verses 7-8, Paul compares the old covenant, represented by the tablets of stone given to Moses, to the new covenant, inaugurated by the Spirit. Here, we encounter the theme of contrast that runs throughout this passage. The old covenant, characterized by the letter that kills, stands in contrast to the new covenant, which brings life. In this verse, Paul lays the groundwork for his exploration of the surpassing glory of the new covenant in Christ.
This is just the start of Paul’s references to the narrative of Moses from Exodus 34:29-35. When Moses came down from Mt Sinai with the Ten Commandments, his face was shining so brightly that the people could not look at him. If that was the greatness of the old covenant, how much greater is the glory of the new covenant in revealing God’s character! The ministry of God’s Spirit is so much greater than the letter of the law.
In verse 9, Paul reminds the Corinthians that the law brought condemnation by showing the people their sin, while the gospel now brings righteousness by showing the people their redemption. It is so much more glorious to bring life than to condemn!
In verses 10-11, Paul introduces a key theme that runs throughout the passage: transformation. He describes the ministry of the law, administered by Moses, as glorious, but ultimately overshadowed by the even greater glory of the new covenant. The ministry of condemnation, which reveals the reality of sin and its consequences, is contrasted with the ministry of righteousness, which brings forgiveness, reconciliation, and transformation through Christ. Here, Paul lays the groundwork for his exploration of the transformative power of the Spirit. The new covenant is life-giving, and it empowers believers to live in freedom and victory through the indwelling presence of the Spirit.
The “therefore” at the beginning of verse 12 summarizes the previous thoughts and points toward what we should do about it. We do have this certain hope in the new covenant because of Jesus Christ. Because of that, we are bold in living out our faith.
This boldness is contrasted with the actions of Moses in verse 13. Paul teaches that Moses put a veil over his face so that the people of Israel would not see the brightness of God’s glory fading from his face. The new covenant surpassed the old covenant and will never fade or pass away.
In verses 14-15, Paul highlights the role of faith in experiencing the transformative power of the Spirit. He draws a parallel between the veil that once obscured the glory of God from the Israelites and the veil that blinds the minds of unbelievers. Just as the Israelites were unable to see the fullness of God's glory because of their unbelief, so too unbelievers are unable to perceive the truth of the gospel because of their spiritual blindness. This verse underscores the importance of faith in apprehending the reality of God's presence and power in our lives.
Paul emphasizes the role of the Spirit for revelation in the believer's life. He describes the process of spiritual transformation as a gradual unveiling, likening it to the removal of a veil from the face. Just as Moses' face shone with increasing brightness as he beheld the glory of God, so too believers are transformed into the image of Christ as they behold his glory. But this veil is still in place for anyone who does not have faith in Jesus; a spiritual veil still covers their hearts.
It is only through the power of the Holy Spirit giving faith in Jesus Christ that this veil is lifted (verse 16). This verse underscores the centrality of the Spirit in the believer's life, who enables us to see and apprehend the reality of God's glory. The Spirit is the transformative power in the believer’s life, which is what truly brings us freedom (verse 17). We are set free from the power of sin and death and empowered to live in righteousness and holiness.
Verse 18 is the culmination of this passage, showing how each one of us is being transformed into the Lord’s image. As believers behold the glory of the Lord with unveiled faces, we are transformed by the Spirit, reflecting more and more of Christ's likeness in our lives. This verse serves as a powerful reminder of the transformative power of the gospel, which not only saves us from sin but also shapes us into the image of Christ.
This passage should continue to remind us of the power of the gospel message and how glorious it is. The glory of the old covenant has faded and been surpassed by the new covenant. We are no longer a part of the ministry of condemnation but rather the ministry of righteousness. When we have faith in Jesus through the power of the Holy Spirit, the veil is removed from our hearts and we are transformed in Christ!
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The Gospel is about God. It is about the Father who created the universe. It is about the fall of man, who was created in the image of God, and his defiance against God. It is about the love of God and the mercy of God who, while upholding His righteous judgment against the wicked, made a plan from the start for how He would rescue mankind from his malady without violating His character. Jesus, the Son of God, fully divine, became a man, lived fully as a man, was in actuality fully man, and He submitted Himself to the suffering and discipline of manhood and to the Father where He would give His life as a ransom for many. Jesus died on the cross, bearing the full weight of God’s wrath, the full weight of the sin of mankind. He then rose from the dead and now sits at the right hand of the Father, ruling as the King of Kings, preparing a place for the saved, and preparing to come get His bride and put an end to the rebellion against God once and for all.
The Gospel is not just the ultimate epic story about the redemption of man. The Gospel has that ultimate ending, too, when the villain is finally squashed once and for all, and the hero gets to live with his loved ones happily ever after. Unlike the fairy tales, however, this happily ever after ending actually does happen because the sin that ruins it will be removed once and for all. All things in history today are pointing towards this grand finale. While I know every generation has believed this, there is serious reason to suggest that it will come in my lifetime or the next generation’s lifetime. I’m not calling that a prediction or a prophecy, just a hunch. The level of urgency to preach the Gospel, to get back to Scripture, and to start living holy lives once again is at an all-time high. The coming of Christ is imminent. I am not going to get into the end times models or anything like that, but this is about what Christ will do to end the story and how it will all come to a close, not the specific details of how it will be carried out.
The great struggle between good and evil, between righteousness and wickedness, is coming to a close. The wicked are becoming more wicked and the righteous are getting more righteous. And the day is coming, though we do not know when, that Jesus will come again. That day will be swift and sudden, and there will be no chance to get one’s life in order once it starts. Just read Jesus’ parables. Those who are ready and have already made terms of peace will be spared and welcomed into the kingdom of heaven. Those who are not will be treated as who they have always been – the enemies of God in a rebellious coup against Him. The devil will get one last chance to deceive the nations and it won’t be a gradual, sly deception this time. It will be a full-out war that will make Armageddon look small. But unlike Armageddon, this battle won’t even need to take place, because when all the nations and armies are gathered, Jesus will come on His white horse with the saints and the angels and spectators. He will come and slaughter the wicked in one last judgment. After that will be the Great White Throne Judgment in which every person will give account to God and all the physical creation will be burned with fire and the story will conclude as one closing a book.
At the judgment, those who failed to make terms of peace and receive the Gospel will be cast out once and for all, and they will be cast into hell. Those who sought all their lives to live without God will still never get their wish. They will only know God’s wrath and judgment. They will cease experiencing His love, mercy, and grace in which the rain falls on the just and the unjust. I do believe they will get the desires of their sinful flesh, but there will be no pleasure in any of it and those desires will only get stronger and stronger and never cease. I can’t prove those details of hell, but when you see the horror stories of cursed existences, those ideas come from somewhere.
But for those who have made terms of peace, for those who have received the Gospel and been born again and are now living lives that seek after God instead of self, they will see Christ come to their stand at the judgment day. Jesus will proclaim that His blood has purchased them, and God will make the righteous declaration final. At that point, we will be granted our new, glorified bodies, which are completely freed from any curse of sin, and we will be made as we were originally intended. At the cross, Jesus paid the penalty for sin. At the resurrection, Jesus broke the power of sin. And when He returns, Jesus will remove us from the very presence of sin. At that point, the Gospel will be completed, and those whom Jesus saved will be in true paradise forever.
But this paradise is not for us. That is, God did not save us so we could enjoy paradise. God saved us ultimately so we could enjoy HIM. True paradise is not simply a lack of sin, though it involves that. True paradise is being in the presence of God forever, where we can enjoy and worship Him forever. The Gospel starts with God, it was carried out by God, and it will be ended by God. And when it all comes to a close, God will be the center of everything, and we will get to see Him face-to-face. The marriage to Christ will be completed, and we will have all of eternity to learn more and more about God with a sin-free mind. That is something we cannot look forward to enough.
So that completes my series on what the Gospel is. But next, I want to get into some more specifics as to what the Gospel does and who it is for. The Gospel is a much stronger and greater story than just to save sinners. It does so much more than that. We’ll explore who the Gospel is for and what types of people it will heal starting next week.
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Are we beginning to commend ourselves again? Or do we need, like some people, letters of recommendation to you or from you? You yourselves are our letter, written on our hearts, known and read by everyone. You show that you are a letter from Christ, the result of our ministry, written not with ink but with the Spirit of the living God, not on tablets of stone but on tablets of human hearts.
Such confidence we have through Christ before God. Not that we are competent in ourselves to claim anything for ourselves, but our competence comes from God. He has made us competent as ministers of a new covenant—not of the letter but of the Spirit; for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life.
- 2 Corinthians 3:1-6
In the previous section, the apostle Paul began talking about his role as an apostle and what that means for the Church. Here, he discusses the significance of the Corinthian church and how our confidence and competence come from God.
Paul begins this passage with two rhetorical questions in verse 1, probing the Corinthians' understanding of the nature of his ministry. Before this, Paul defended his authority as an apostle against detractors who sought to undermine his credibility. Here, he questions the necessity of relying on external commendations or credentials to validate his ministry. Paul's emphasis is not on human accolades or endorsements but on the authenticity and fruitfulness of the Gospel message itself.
This verse should prompt us to reflect on our motivations for ministry, whether full-time vocational ministry or occasional volunteer ministry. Do we seek validation from human sources or rely on God's affirmation of our calling? While letters of recommendation may have their place in certain contexts, Paul challenges us to prioritize the sincerity of our hearts and the transformative power of the Gospel over getting our affirmation and validation from other people.
In verse 2, Paul takes that metaphor of a letter one step further to illustrate the Corinthians' significance in his ministry. He likens them to a letter that was written on the very fabric of his heart. The Corinthians' transformed lives, their faithfulness, and their growth in Christ serve as a testament to the authenticity and effectiveness of Paul's ministry. This church has clearly made a great impact on Paul personally.
This imagery emphasizes the relational aspect of Christian discipleship. Ministry is not merely about sharing information or performing rituals; it is about investing in people's lives, nurturing their faith, and witnessing the transformative work of the Holy Spirit. We are called to imitate Paul's example by investing deeply in the lives of those we disciple.
Paul continues his metaphorical exploration in verse 3, attributing the Corinthians' transformation not to his own efforts alone but to the work of Jesus Christ through the power of the Holy Spirit. The contrast between ink and the Spirit of the living God highlights God’s work in the process of spiritual transformation. Ink fades and even writings on stone tablets are static, but the Spirit's imprint on human hearts lasts forever.
Paul's declaration of confidence through Christ in verse 4 emphasizes the foundation of his ministry and the source of his assurance. Despite the challenges and opposition he faces, Paul derives his confidence not from his own abilities or achievements but from his identity in Christ. This confidence is rooted in the assurance of God's faithfulness and the sufficiency of Christ's grace to sustain him in all circumstances. We are challenged by Paul to do the same in our lives; we should root our confidence in Christ and the power of the Holy Spirit in our lives.
Paul stresses this point more in verse 5 where he humbly acknowledges his own inadequacy and insufficiency apart from God's power. The word "competent" here carries the connotation of sufficiency or adequacy. Paul recognizes that apart from God, he cannot fulfill the demands of his calling or bear fruit in his ministry. It is only through God's grace that he is able to effectively fulfill his mission.
The old covenant that God had with the Jews before Jesus was based on the letter of the law, but the new covenant is based on the work of Jesus and the Holy Spirit dwelling in us. This new covenant is what gives us life and makes us competent to fulfill the mission that God has for each of us. Verse 6 gives us the fundamental difference between legalistic religion and authentic faith. We always fail and deserve death when we must follow God’s laws perfectly, but the Spirit brings freedom, transformation, and abundant life.
As ministers of the new covenant, our calling is not to enforce legalistic rules or impose religious rituals but to proclaim the liberating message of God's grace through Jesus Christ. The Gospel is not a set of rules to be obeyed but it is a relationship to be embraced, a transformational encounter with the living God. As we embrace the ministry of the Spirit, may we experience the life-giving power of the Gospel in our own lives and share it boldly with others.
In this passage, we are challenged to reexamine our motivations and understanding of ministry and to focus on our identity in Christ. True success in ministry is not measured by numerical growth in a church or personal accolades but by how lives are transformed by the power of the Gospel. Our role is to faithfully proclaim the message of the gospel and allow the Spirit to inscribe it on the hearts of those who hear it. We should be fully dependent on God in all aspects of our lives and ministry; He is where we should receive our identity and our confidence to live out the plan that He has for us.
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The role of Jesus at the cross did not end with His death. It ended with the resurrection. We do not celebrate a dead Savior who gave His life for us, and we simply remember what He did. We celebrate a risen Savior who did die for us but now lives and is reigning, ruling, and interceding for us. When Jesus died, the disciples fled in fear and terror. When Jesus rose and then imbued them with power, they became the boldest and most fearless men who ever lived. They make all our modern heroes in our movies, books, and games look like pansies, and that is no knock on those heroes. The disciples became that and much more. They were given the “elixir,” the new life in Christ by the indwelling of the Holy Spirit.
This part of the Gospel is frequently neglected due to simply tying it to the cross. The ascension of Christ is another neglected doctrine that should be preached once again. They both relate to this part of the Gospel. Jesus did not merely rise from the dead, but He has ascended and is reigning and ruling now as the King. Jesus is the only person ever to hold the three primary offices of prophet, priest, and king all at the same time. Jesus did not merely die to cover for our sins. He rose again so that we might have new life that He lives in and through us.
Many preachers, books, and presentations miss this so vital part of the Gospel. They may state that Jesus rose, but they don’t go into what that means. Most people treat it as Jesus “completing” a gap in our lives or “Jesus fills a God-shaped hole in your heart.” There is truth to that, but the Christian life is not an add-on to an already established life. Because we treat the character of God lightly and the severity of our sin lightly, most modern evangelism has garnered rightful critiques that you can live whatever life you want, confess your sin before you die, and you can get away with it all. That’s not the Gospel. While Jesus will wipe the slate clean on a legal basis, there are some sins we commit that no amount of faith in Christ is going to remove the stain on our earthly lives with the consequences thereof. David and Paul are prime case studies. David lived with his sin of adultery and murder for the rest of his life, and he was permanently marked for it. Paul persecuted and murdered Christians before becoming one himself, and he would be haunted by this fact for the rest of his life.
But with Paul in particular, we get to see what the Gospel is and what the Gospel does. It literally changes your life. Christianity and the substitutional atonement are much more than Jesus being our literal substitute for the judgment of God where Jesus takes our sin as though it was His own and then gives us His righteousness as though it was our own. It is much more than that. Jesus takes the sinful life upon Himself, the sinful desires, wishes, and dreams, and the desire to rule one’s own life without God. He gives us His life, a life that longs after God, seeks the things of God, and seeks to be with God forever. But to get this new life, we have to give up the old life. I’ll unpack this a few more weeks, but Jesus said that to be His disciple, we have to deny ourselves and take up our cross daily. We no longer want the sinful life. It grieves us when we sin; it disgusts us, and we no longer want to associate with it. We may be stuck in it for a season, but we don’t want to be, and we will start seeing more and more victory over it the holier we become.
The resurrected life means that sin and death have no more grip on us. When the disciples learned and grasped the resurrection of Christ, they no longer feared death, which means absolutely nothing could faze them. Most of Western Christendom only understands the resurrection in theory as an event from 2000 years ago, but not Jesus as the living Savior today. How can I say that? Because of how easily people cower and are willing to change the message at the mere question of a slave girl or a college professor. The fear of man still grips us, and it has a strong grip. That is why we are so weak today. We don’t know the power of the resurrected life.
Yet, there is still hope to get it. I’m noticing a trend brewing among those who are genuinely born again. There is a call to return to resurrection life and away from pure intellectual Christianity. My pastor has been preaching on this for the last year, and I am writing this series because I see a need for this in my own life, let alone needing it in others. And I am seeing others still starting to push more and more for a Biblical-centered thinking and Christ-focused life. There is a call to return to sound preaching and then for true revival that is not pure emotionalism but genuine repentance and holiness. It is time we get the resurrected Jesus back in our view. Personally, I still have too much of an intellectual, fact-driving faith. It is absolutely necessary to have the intellectual understanding and the facts correct, but that is not good enough. We need the true, practical faith that calls for denial of self and self’s understanding of things and true reliance upon Christ and what He did for us once again.
The resurrection life is also much more than no longer wanting the sinful lifestyle and replacing it with a God-centered life. It is also eternity focused. The Gospel deals with much more than just our sin here and now and the judgment that will come; it also deals with eternity and when God will come to bring all things to an end once and for all.
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Now when I went to Troas to preach the gospel of Christ and found that the Lord had opened a door for me, I still had no peace of mind, because I did not find my brother Titus there. So I said goodbye to them and went on to Macedonia.
But thanks be to God, who always leads us as captives in Christ’s triumphal procession and uses us to spread the aroma of the knowledge of him everywhere. For we are to God the pleasing aroma of Christ among those who are being saved and those who are perishing. To the one we are an aroma that brings death; to the other, an aroma that brings life. And who is equal to such a task? Unlike so many, we do not peddle the word of God for profit. On the contrary, in Christ we speak before God with sincerity, as those sent from God.
- 2 Corinthians 2:12-17
This passage starts with a few verses where Paul continues to explain his recent conduct to the Corinthians (which he started previously), but then Paul switches to discussing his service as an apostle.
Based on what we know from Acts 19-20, Paul sent Titus to Corinth with the “severe letter” he wrote to them while Paul continued his ministry in Ephesus. Paul eventually went to Troas, where he had planned to meet up with Titus. In verse 12, Paul says that he went to Troas to preach the gospel, but he doesn’t report any further on the success of his ministry and evangelism in Troas. God “opened a door” for him there, which likely implies opportunities to preach the gospel. Paul lived his life trusting in God to make a way for His mission to be completed, wherever he sent Paul to share the gospel.
But in spite of that open door, Paul did not have peace about the situation because of Titus’ absence (verse 13), showing the importance of this companionship in ministry. Paul also likely had concerns regarding the riot that had happened in Ephesus before he left (Acts 19:23-41) and worries for the church in Corinth. Even if Paul wasn’t physically present with a congregation, he still cared about their well-being and their spreading of the gospel message.
Paul's decision to move on to Macedonia demonstrates his resilience and flexibility in the face of adversity. Even though things did not go according to his plans, he did not allow setbacks to deter him from his mission. Paul continued to press on and continue his journey to the next location where God called him – Macedonia.
Now that Paul has finished the travel update content, he moves on to discuss his role as an apostle. In verse 14, he transitions with thanking God for always leading him, and he does that with great imagery. He likens believers to captives in Christ's triumphal procession, portraying the image of a victorious general leading captives in a parade. Here, Paul emphasizes the sovereignty of God in leading and guiding his people. He also highlights the privilege and responsibility of believers to spread the aroma of the knowledge of Christ wherever they go. Just as incense permeates the air in a triumphal procession, so too should the fragrance of Christ permeate the lives of believers, influencing and impacting those around them.
Paul elaborates on the metaphor of the aroma in verse 15, emphasizing its dual effect on those who encounter it. Believers are a pleasing aroma of Christ to those around them, drawing them closer to God and illuminating the path to salvation. However, to those who are perishing, the aroma of Christ may be offensive, serving as a reminder of their rebellion against God. This highlights the polarizing nature of the gospel message, which elicits different responses from different people.
In verse 16, Paul highlights the contrast of those two points of view: the aroma of Christ can bring either life or death to a person, depending on whether or not they have faith or are open to faith in Christ. Because of this contrast, this verse concludes with a sobering reflection on the weightiness of the task of proclaiming the gospel. The message of Christ can bring both life and death, depending on how it is received. This underscores the immense responsibility that believers carry as ambassadors of Christ. Despite the challenges and opposition we may face, we are called to faithfully proclaim the gospel, knowing that the ultimate outcome rests in God's hands.
But it’s not just the message that is important but our motivation with it. In verse 17, Paul distinguishes his ministry from others who may exploit the gospel for personal gain. He emphasizes the sincerity and authenticity with which he and his fellow workers proclaim the word of God. Their motivation is not financial gain or personal glory but a genuine desire to serve God and fulfill the mission entrusted to them. This serves as a timeless reminder of the importance of integrity and purity in Christian ministry.
We can glean several lessons from this passage. We are encouraged to persevere in our mission to spread the gospel as Paul did, even when we face obstacles and challenges. We should acknowledge and thank God for his guidance and provision in our ministry endeavors, whatever they may be. This applies to anyone who is obedient to God’s calling on their lives, not just those in vocational ministry.
We should be aware that not everyone will respond positively to the gospel message or the “aroma of Christ” that we as believers have in our lives. But that should not deter us from sharing the gospel with everyone anyway. When we do proclaim the gospel, we are to do so with sincerity and authenticity, avoiding any motivation of personal gain or self-interest.
Overall, this passage encourages us as followers of Jesus Christ to remain steadfast in our commitment to sharing the gospel, being mindful of the diverse responses it may elicit, and maintaining integrity and sincerity in our ministry efforts. As we journey through life, may we embrace our role as ambassadors of Christ, spreading the fragrance of his love and grace to a world in desperate need of redemption.
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The center part of the Gospel is Jesus Christ. While God the Father is the author of this epic story called the Gospel, Jesus is the hero, the lead actor, the one who comes to save the day. Last week, I wrote about the fall of man and what sin did. The rest of the Old Testament is two-fold: it showcases the history of Israel along with their continual depravity in sin, but it is filled with images and snapshots of the Messiah, both what He would do and be like and also what He would overcome. One key reason the Jews missed Jesus when He came was that all of their previous deliverers were physical deliverers against physical enemies. They missed Jesus because He would not deliver Israel from Rome…but from a far greater enemy and oppressor, sin itself.
There are 300+ prophecies that describe the Messiah, and Jesus fulfilled every single one of them. I do not have the time or space to go through them here other than to just hit a couple of major passages. Isaiah 53 and Psalm 22 are among the most famous passages that detail the death of Jesus.
Isaiah 53 is more about Jesus not being a superstar, a model, or a glorious figure. He was not a good-looking guy. And that’s a severe problem missed by all attempts to put Jesus on film. They focus on His glory and His deity, but when they focus on His humanity, they give Him this “shampoo model” form who never learned hardships or difficulties or ever worked a day in His life. That is one thing that The Chosen series does better than others, however, even there, they still give the character some of that “shampoo model” look. So it’s never going to be perfect, and we simply need to understand that Jesus wasn’t good-looking.
Psalm 22 was written 1000 years before Jesus came about and describes crucifixion – a Roman invention that didn’t exist until 50 years before Jesus’ time on earth. When comparing Psalm 22 to the crucifixion, we see almost a literal word-for-word description of what took place when Jesus was hung on the cross, including the very statements that were made by both Jesus and His enemies in mocking Him.
Everything in Scripture points to Jesus, from the opening creation statements to the closing of all time in Revelation. Jesus is at the center, through His role as the hero of the story, the true knight in shining armor, whose armor has indeed seen battle. Central to the story are His birth, life, death, and resurrection. Jesus could not be any ordinary person. He had to be fully human and fully God at the same time, which is called the hypostatic union.
In being fully human, Jesus went through life as a normal human being. He went through the normal birthing process, though His miraculous conception was definitely not normal. He grew up with human parents and human siblings, and He had your standard human needs including food, sleep, water, family connections, emotions, air, etc. He ate the same sin-cursed food, breathed the same sin-cursed air, and dealt with sin-cursed people. It is no wonder He longed to have alone time with His Father.
But Jesus was also fully divine – fully God. He did not lay down His identity when He became a human. He was without sin. While He lived in a human capacity, He also had that connection to God through the Holy Spirit that gave Him knowledge no one else could or would ever get. He could read people’s hearts and minds. He could outthink them all. He knew the future, who would betray Him, and how everything would play out. He performed miracles upon will and even refrained from doing some just to win a few converts. Every time He had the window to make Himself popular, He would give a message that would squelch it. And the biggest thing of all, Jesus raised from the dead.
Jesus came to deal with sin. By being fully human, Jesus was able to perfectly represent man before God, therefore being the true and ultimate High Priest. Being the perfect man who had no sin to atone for Himself, Jesus could do what no other man or high priest could do: offer Himself as the necessary substitution that had been taught all along throughout Scripture. But Jesus had to be fully divine, fully God, to be able to do that because God is infinite with omnipresence, omniscience, and omnipotence. As a mere perfect man, Jesus would only be able to cover for one person. Adam was able to do that with Eve, and that is what he should have done. But for Jesus to cover for the sins of the whole world, of all who would believe, He had to be fully God and be the true prophet of God, representing God to man. By being fully God, Jesus was able to take the infinite wrath of God upon Himself. It wasn’t the Roman crucifixion that dealt with our sin; the crucifixion itself was merely the instrument of death to be used to help identify Jesus as the Messiah. The real dealing with sin was God pouring out His judgment upon Jesus, and Jesus, who wore a crown of thorns, the physical symbol of sin, died on that cross. With His final breath, He declared: “It is finished!”
When Jesus died, the great and final sacrifice was made. The righteous justice upon sin was met. The forgiveness for sin that all the Old Testament saints had been longing for had been accomplished. The salvation they were faithfully waiting for but did not see with their own eyes had arrived. And while Jesus did say “It is finished!” there was one final thing to do for salvation to be realized: the resurrection. The death on the cross paid the penalty of sin, but it only settled the debt. It does not restore, fix, or bring new life. The resurrection would do that, and it is because we worship a RISEN Savior that we can know and understand the fullness of Christ, which we’ll look at more next week.
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If anyone has caused grief, he has not so much grieved me as he has grieved all of you to some extent—not to put it too severely. The punishment inflicted on him by the majority is sufficient. Now instead, you ought to forgive and comfort him, so that he will not be overwhelmed by excessive sorrow. I urge you, therefore, to reaffirm your love for him. Another reason I wrote you was to see if you would stand the test and be obedient in everything. Anyone you forgive, I also forgive. And what I have forgiven—if there was anything to forgive—I have forgiven in the sight of Christ for your sake, in order that Satan might not outwit us. For we are not unaware of his schemes.
- 2 Corinthians 2:5-11
In the section of his letter right before this passage, Paul wrote about feeling pain, causing pain, and avoiding more pain in the future. He also ended verse 4 with a statement about not wanting to grieve the Corinthians but instead desiring that they know his love for them. This passage echoes those same themes.
Scholars debate whether Paul is writing about a certain individual in this section or whether it’s general commentary. Paul does not name names, but some think that this refers back to the person guilty of incest in 1 Corinthians 5. However, others disagree with that as this letter is too far removed from that situation. Paul does not name any particular person he may or may not have had in mind.
In verse 5, Paul shares that for anyone who has grieved (or caused pain to) the Corinthian church, the result is not that Paul is caused pain but that everyone in their congregation is caused pain. One person’s sin against the congregation will be felt by the entire congregation, and Paul too as he feels responsible for them, though to a lesser extent.
Verse 6 gives us insight into discipline within the church at Corinth. Whatever Paul is writing about that was disciplined was clearly a public matter within the congregation. We don’t know what methods they used for discipline then, whether it was some kind of formal gathering, whether the punishment had been decided upon by a few people or a general vote, etc. But Paul indicates that the punishment was inflicted “by the majority,” and that punishment should be sufficient. We often like to keep reminding people of their wrongs, even after they have been appropriately disciplined, and Paul is cautioning against that here.
Discipline should serve not just as a punishment for a wrong that was committed but also to change the person. Paul emphasizes this in verse 7, instructing the people to forgive and comfort the individual. The point is not for that person to continue feeling sorrowful for what he did but rather to learn from it and be able to move on with life. Forgiveness involves healing from whatever wrong was done rather than continuing to remember and bring up the incident to continually punish the offender.
Another part of forgiveness is affirming love for the offender, as Paul writes in verse 8. If there has been a public discussion of the sin and a public punishment handed down, then there should also be a public reaffirmation of love to reinstate that individual back into the community, after he has been appropriately disciplined. This would also affirm God’s forgiveness in that person’s life. The community of the church would show God’s forgiveness in a tangible way to that individual by showing him their forgiveness.
In verse 9, Paul reveals that he was testing their faith and commitment. If the Corinthian church responded properly in carrying out discipline, then Paul would know that they were following his teachings and therefore working toward becoming better disciples of Jesus Christ. They would both need to start and end the disciplinary act appropriately in order to pass this test and prove that they view Paul as an authority over them to give them instruction on how to carry out such matters. It appears that the Corinthian church had passed Paul’s test.
Since they acknowledged that they do see Paul as an authority to teach them, Paul also needs to express forgiveness to the individual who requires this discipline (verse 10). But he also notes “if there was anything to forgive,” which implies that this may or may not have been an actual situation; it may have been general teaching rather than addressing a specific issue with a specific individual. Paul brings up Christ when discussing forgiveness, as it was Jesus who taught multiple times that forgiving one another is essential to living out the Christian faith. Forgiveness must be granted to keep unity in the church and for the sake of their relationships with one another.
Another purpose for this forgiveness is so that they do not give in to Satan’s evil schemes (verse 11). Withholding forgiveness from an individual who has repented and received appropriate discipline would bring disunity and grudges into the church, which are of Satan and not of God. Satan already had a hold on the individual when he committed the sin, and a lack of forgiveness would only increase that. There must be punishment for sin, but it must be administered in love and for the sake of correction, not just for punishment’s sake. The goal is reconciliation and repentance through forgiveness.
This is a powerful section of Paul’s second letter to the Corinthians because it has great practical implications for our lives today. Paul urged the Corinthians to forgive and comfort the person who had caused grief with this sin. We, too, are called to heal broken relationships by extending forgiveness to those who have wronged us.
We are to reaffirm our love for them, even when it’s difficult because of how others have treated us. This reaffirmation of love is essential to build a community that is known for its love and unity. As Christ has loved us, so are we to love those in our Christian community.
Spiritual warfare is still a real thing in our world, as Satan seeks to lure us into sinful actions, which could then drag down an entire community if we’re not careful. Paul warns the Corinthians not to be ignorant of Satan's schemes. Unforgiveness and division within the community can create an opportunity for the enemy to hinder God’s work through us. Forgiveness is a spiritual weapon against the forces of evil, and we need to remember to use it.
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